Subtraction also obeys predictable rules concerning related operations such as addition and multiplication. Because 0 is the additive identity, subtraction of it does not change a number. It is also not associative, meaning that when one subtracts more than two numbers, the order in which subtraction is performed matters. It is anticommutative, meaning that changing the order changes the sign of the answer. Subtraction follows several important patterns. Subtraction represents removing or decreasing physical and abstract quantities using different kinds of objects including negative numbers, fractions, irrational numbers, vectors, decimals, functions, and matrices. Therefore, the difference of 5 and 2 is 3, that is, 5 â 2 = 3. For example, in the adjacent picture, there are 5 â 2 applesâmeaning 5 apples with 2 taken away, which is a total of 3 apples. Subtraction is signified by the minus sign (â).
The result of a subtraction is called a difference. Subtraction is an arithmetic operation that represents the operation of removing objects from a collection. Placard outside a shop in Bordeaux advertising subtraction of 20% from the price of a second perfume.
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